Foot problems are prevalent among individuals with diabetes. Over time, high blood sugar can cause damage to the nerves and blood vessels in the feet. This nerve damage, referred to as diabetic neuropathy, can result in numbness, tingling, pain, or a loss of sensation in your feet.
Inability to perceive pain may lead to a lack of awareness when you have a cut, blister, or ulcer (open sore) on your foot. Such wounds are prone to infection, and the impaired blood vessels can hinder proper blood circulation in your feet, making the healing process more difficult.
Infections combined with poor blood flow can ultimately result in gangrene, a condition where the muscles, skin, and other tissues begin to decay. If you have gangrene or a foot ulcer that does not respond to treatment, amputation may be necessary. Amputation involves surgical removal of the damaged toe, foot, or a portion of the leg. This procedure can prevent the spread of a severe infection and potentially save your life.
Fortunately, there are numerous measures you can take to prevent a foot injury from escalating into a major health issue.
How can I safeguard my feet if I have diabetes?
The most effective approach to foot protection involves maintaining regular control of your blood sugar levels. This will help prevent further damage to the nerves and blood vessels. Additionally, it is crucial to prioritize the health of your foot's skin.
Essential foot maintenance for individuals with diabetes comprises:
Examining your feet daily. Inspect for lacerations, inflammation, and other alterations in the skin and toenails, including warts or areas prone to friction from your footwear. Remember to examine the undersides of your feet as well.
Cleansing your feet daily. Utilize mild soap and warm water, avoiding prolonged soaking as it may result in skin dryness. After drying your feet, you can apply talcum powder or cornstarch between your toes to absorb moisture that may lead to infections. If you use lotion, avoid applying it between your toes.
Seeking advice from your physician on safe methods to remove corns and calluses. Thickened skin on your feet can cause friction and lead to ulcers. However, it is important to avoid improper removal techniques that may harm your skin, such as cutting it or using medicated pads or liquid removers.
Trimming your toenails straight across with a clipper. If you find it challenging to trim your own toenails or if they are thick or curved into the skin, it is advisable to seek assistance from a podiatrist (foot doctor).
Always wearing well-fitted shoes, socks, or slippers to safeguard your feet while walking. Refrain from walking barefoot, even indoors. Ensure your shoes have a smooth interior to prevent any seams or pebbles from causing abrasions on your skin.
Shielding your feet from extreme temperatures. Apply sunscreen on exposed skin and avoid going barefoot at the beach. In cold weather, wear warm socks instead of warming your feet near a heater or fireplace.
Promoting blood circulation in your feet. Elevate your feet when sitting, flex your toes, and rotate your feet periodically throughout the day. Avoid wearing tight socks and engage in activities that are gentle on the feet, such as walking.
Undergoing regular foot evaluations during your healthcare visits. It is beneficial to have your healthcare provider examine your feet, even if you haven't noticed any issues.
When should I consult my healthcare provider regarding diabetic foot problems?
Serious foot complications can manifest rapidly. Seek immediate medical attention from your healthcare provider if you observe the following:
A cut, blister, or bruise on your feet that fails to initiate healing within a few days.
Red, warm, or painful skin on your feet.
A callus with dried blood inside.
A foot infection that turns black and emits a foul odor, which could indicate gangrene.
Remember, managing your blood sugar levels and caring for your feet diligently on a daily basis is paramount in preventing severe diabetic foot problems.
Source: NIH: National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases
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